CAD-Modeling
SolidWorks offers two primary approaches for 3D design: solid modeling and surface modeling. While both aim to create three-dimensional objects, they differ fundamentally in their methodology and application.
The best way to learn complex CAD techniques is setting the time line to the start and go command-by-command to understand how the part is constructed.
Solid Modeling[edit | edit source]
Solid modeling is the more common and often more intuitive approach in SolidWorks. It focuses on creating and manipulating volumetric bodies with defined mass and properties. Think of it like working with a block of clay or wood—you're adding or removing material to shape your part.
Key Concepts & Commands[edit | edit source]
Solid Body: A fully enclosed, volumetric 3D object. It has a defined inside and outside.
Extrude: Creates a solid by pushing a 2D sketch along a straight path.
Revolve: Creates a solid by rotating a 2D sketch around an axis.
Sweep: Creates a solid by moving a 2D profile along a path.
Loft: Creates a solid by blending between multiple 2D profiles.
Cut Extrude/Revolve/Sweep/Loft: Removes material using the same principles as their additive counterparts.
Fillet/Chamfer: Rounds or bevels edges of a solid body.
Hole Wizard: Quickly creates various types of holes with standard specifications.
Shell: Hollows out a solid body, leaving a specified wall thickness.
Draft: Adds a taper to faces for molding or casting purposes.
Pattern (Linear/Circular): Duplicates features or bodies in a linear array or around a central point.
Mirror: Creates a mirrored copy of features or bodies across a plane.
Boolean Operations (Combine): Adds, subtracts, or finds the common volume between solid bodies.
Workflow Considerations[edit | edit source]
Feature-Based Design: Solid models are built up through a series of features (extrusions, cuts, fillets, etc.), which are recorded in the FeatureManager Design Tree. This allows for easy modification.
Parametric: Dimensions and relationships drive the geometry, meaning changes to a dimension automatically update the model.
Ideal for Mechanical Parts: Excellent for parts with defined dimensions, tolerances, and functional requirements.
Easy for Assembly: Solid bodies are ready for assembly and simulation.
Surface Modeling[edit | edit source]
Surface modeling, on the other hand, deals with creating and manipulating thin-walled, non-volumetric surfaces. It's like working with a sheet of paper or fabric—you're defining boundaries and curves without inherent thickness. This approach is powerful for designs with complex, organic, or aesthetically driven shapes, where precise control over curvature is paramount.
Key Concepts & Commands[edit | edit source]
Surface Body: A collection of interconnected surfaces that form a single entity without thickness or internal volume.
Extruded/Revolved/Swept Surface: Creates a surface from a sketch, similar to solid features but without volume.
Knit Surface: Joins multiple surface bodies into a single, continuous surface. This is vital for creating "watertight" surface models and can convert a fully enclosed surface model into a solid.
Trim Surface: Cuts away portions of a surface using another surface, a sketch, a plane, or an edge as the cutting tool.
Untrim Surface: Reverses a previous trim operation.
Extend Surface: Lengthens a surface along its edges.
Fillet/Chamfer (Surface): Creates rounded or beveled transitions between intersecting surfaces.
Ruled Surface: Generates a surface by sweeping a profile along a guide curve (e.g., tangent, normal, tapered).
Loft Surface: Creates a surface by blending multiple profiles or cross-sections, offering powerful control over complex shapes.
Boundary Surface: Generates high-quality, continuous surfaces by blending between multiple curves in two directions. Often preferred over loft for complex, freeform shapes due to smoother results.
Fill Surface: Creates a surface patch to fill a closed boundary of edges or curves.
Delete Face: Removes selected faces from a solid or surface body. If used on a solid, it can convert it to a surface.
Offset Surface: Creates a new surface at a specified distance from an existing surface.
Thicken: Converts a surface body into a solid body by adding a specified thickness. This is a common final step in surface modeling workflows.
Intersect: Creates new curves or surfaces at the intersection of two existing bodies (solids or surfaces).
Split Line: Projects a sketch onto a surface, creating new edges on the surface.
Freeform: A powerful tool for direct manipulation of surface curvature using control points and poles. Ideal for aesthetic refinements and ergonomic designs.
Curvature Combs: A visual analysis tool that displays the curvature of a surface along selected edges, helping identify imperfections.
Zebra Stripes: A visual analysis tool that projects parallel stripes onto a surface to highlight imperfections and evaluate surface continuity and smoothness.
Workflow Considerations[edit | edit source]
Plan Your Design: Surface modeling often requires more upfront planning, especially to maintain tangency and curvature between surfaces.
Start with Basic Surfaces: Begin with simple forms (extruded, revolved, swept surfaces) and progressively add detail.
Maintain Continuity: Pay close attention to the continuity between surfaces (G0, G1, G2) for a smooth, aesthetically pleasing result.
Use Analysis Tools: Regularly use Curvature Combs and Zebra Stripes to evaluate surface quality and identify areas needing refinement.
Knit Frequently: Knit surfaces together as you build to create a single, continuous surface body, which simplifies subsequent operations.
Convert to Solid: Once your surface model is complete and fully enclosed, use the Thicken or Knit Surface (with "Create solid" option) command to convert it into a solid body for manufacturing or further solid-based operations.
By understanding both solid and surface modeling techniques, you can choose the most appropriate method for your design challenges in SolidWorks.
